The Chemistry of Batteries and Its Implications on Modern Society free essay sample

Batteries have proven to be the core of modern day technology, without batteries modern day technology and some electronics would have never existed. Nations that invest more in battery run technology tend to have a higher labor productivity rate. This is because battery powered electronics increase could potentially increase the productivity rate of labor and thus an increase in capital goods. Electronics have also been seen as the driving force of emerging economies, in fact almost all Ramp;D expenditure in China is for telecommunications and electronics (Huwai, 2011). For example China’s invest in research and development in electronic factory machines (Industry Innovation, 2007) allowed Chinese manufacturers to boost overall domestic production providing lower cost goods and allowing it to further compete in the global market. A rechargeable car battery (or an automotive battery) is a battery that supplies electrical energy to an automobile and allows us to start up the vehicle’s engine, lights and electrical necessities, cars. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chemistry of Batteries and Its Implications on Modern Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The benefits of batteries in todays societies is incomprehensible, whether it be the use of batteries in smartphones to flashlights or even to car batteries, the use of batteries has helped developed and create a modern society that we live in. Without batteries smartphones and mobiles would have never been created and telecommunications would be nothing more than house phones and primitive electronic devices. The convenience of batteries is that they are portable and rechargeable allowing them to be carried with. In sense batteries is just an energy storage device that does not need to be plugged into an energy source to be functional. Chemical energy is stored in the battery and when required the converted energy is released. A battery is made up of one or more electrochemical cells, each of which consists of two half-cells. In the redox reaction that powers the battery cations are reduced (electrons are added) at the cathode while anions are oxided. In this world batteries seem to be the only convenient and portable technology available to power the thousands of different electronic devices that are used everyday. Since its invention the battery has helped create orld-shaping convenient equipment ranging from the flashlight to common childhood toys to car batteries. Batteries have helped mankind accomplish innovative inventions throughout the previous century, and continues to do so, it has also contributed to the development of modern society by constantly powering new trends. However is there a price to all this, and if so, does the benefits of batteries outweigh the costs? Used dead lead batteries are almost always dumped into landfills that can severely damage the environment and the health of well-beings nearby. In fact 20,000 tons of batteries were landfilled annually in the UK alone (Rebatt, 2007), and global lead battery production is approximated to be worth $36. 2 billion in 2010 and is steadily increasing (OakIsland, 2006) meaning that an increasing number of lead batteries are dumped every year. Toxic led batteries can cause dirt contamination that is provoked by the attendance of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or supplementary alteration in the usual dirt environment. Dumped batteries are a toxicant to the environment, which is the result of the continuous human choice of wealth over the environment. Over 120 million people are affected negatively by this exposure of led, 99% of whom reside in developing countries (Rebatt, 2007). Scientific studies display that long-term exposure to even puny numbers of lead can cause kidney and brain damage, hearing impairment, as well as setbacks in children (Mary, 2009). Automobiles worldwide use over one million metric tons of lead every year, in which 90% are attributed to standard lead-acid vehicle batteries (HybridCars, 2011). However, there are other environmental solutions towards dealing with the disposal of lead batteries. Instead of dumping thousands of tons of dead batteries into dreadful landfills, we are able to recycle these batteries therefore getting rid of the disposal problem. By recycling batteries a manufacture could potentially minimize the resources required in creating new batteries. However the process of recycling lead batteries is nearly as toxic as dumping them in landfills. Recycling procedures further discharges tons of lead into the environment. Lead is disappeared and emerging fumes are released into the air. This toxic metal is next obtainable for human absorption as airborne, beforehand resolving in dust and soil (Marry, 2009). The fundamental base of reactions is the movement of electrons from one atom to another. Energy comes in different forms and the battery uses electrochemical cells to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy via electron transfer (Bellis, 2006). This allows energy to be used to create additional reactions. The battery uses the redox to create electricity portably without needed to be plugged into a continuous electric source. Chemical energy is stored in the battery and when required the converted energy is released. A battery is made up of one or more electrochemical cells, each of which consists of two half-cells (Mary, 2008). In the redox reaction that powers the battery cations are reduced (electrons are added) at the cathode while anions are oxided.

Canada in World War 1 Essays

Canada in World War 1 Essays Canada in World War 1 Essay Canada in World War 1 Essay Essay Topic: Orlando World War I was a time that affected almost ever country or region in the world in one-way or another. The common wealth of Canada was no different. Although not located in Europe where the war was primarily fought, our dominion was still a major contributor to the war effort and fought valiantly in defending the ideals of democracy and a free world. Many of our soldiers lost their lives in various battles throughout the war but without their efforts the war may have swung Germanys way, causing more battles, a longer war, more money and eventually more lives. On August 4th 1914, England went to war with Germany. As part of the great English empire, our country of Canada was dragged into the war as well. As soon as England declared war, we threw our full-fledged support England’s way. Primarily this meant we provided troops and resources to the war effort. Before World war one began, our army was miniscule and held little power. After war was declared on England however, our army grew by the thousands, as many of our citizens felt obligated to help the motherland. By 1919 a total of six hundred thousand Canadian men and woman participated in the war effort as nurses, soldiers and chaplains, this number does not include the people on the home front who contributed to the war effort. 3 Canada’s first great mark on World War I was at the second battle of Ypres. The 1st Canadian division moved to reinforce the British and allied lines. In April of 1915, the Germans unleashed canisters of poison chlorine gas. Carried by the wind, this gas entered allied trenches forcing retreat and countless deaths. Soon however, we Canadians figured out that by urinating on rags and placing them over our mouths and noses we could overcome the gas and continue the fight. By the time they figured this out there were enormous gaps stretching in the allied lines. Many allies had retreated due to the gas so it was up to our boys in uniform to restring the lines and repel the enemy forces. On April 24th, more gas from the German side was released this time the potency of the gas was so high that urine soaked rags could not stop the chemicals from entering the lungs, causing upwards of six thousand casualties. This battle is a true testament to how courageous our Canadian soldiers were and how they truly cared about the war effort. They could have retreated, but no they did there job and held the line. Our Canadian men next fought in the great battle of Somme, this battle claimed over fifty-seven thousand British lives and an estimated twenty five thousand Canadian lives. However, it gave us our nickname as the shock troops because in this battle our men fought like bats out of hell and by November 11th we were able to defeat and secure all of the German trenches in the area of Courcelette. The next offensive occurred when all four of our Canadian divisions met up during the battle of Vimy Ridge. During this battle we lost over ten thousand soldiers but managed to kill numerous amounts of Germans and take four thousand prisoners of war. During the final months of the war our troops fought courageously. These final months are known as the hundred days offensive. In the final one hundred day s of war our corps lost over forty five thousand men. Battles in this offensive included the brutal battle of Arrias and the battle of Cambrai. In the battle of Arras German forces were forced to retreat. In the battle of Cambrai, Canadians broke through the Hindenburg line defeating the Germans at their main distribution center4. An interesting fact to be noticed is that the last recorded casualty of World War I occurred two minutes before the armistice; the man was a one of our own, a Canadian Soldier who went by the name of George Lawrence Price3. We Canadians made great sacrifices for the greater good of the world, this point undoubtedly proven by the stories of the battles our men fought in. Our country of Canada is home to both the British and the French; this caused some major problems in World War I. Even before the war, the French Canadians did not adhere to our British policy. When Prime Minister Robert Borden installed the Canadian military act of 1917, the French especially in Quebec rebelled; refusing to fight because they felt the military act was unfairly targeted towards them. After the war, and to this day there is still a rift between French and British Canadians. However, the war did bring British Canadians closer together. As our country and our men fought against the powers of evil, Canadians formed a bond that could not be broken, bringing us one step closer to becoming an independent nation 3. To those whom it may concern, including but not limited to Woodrow Wilson (United States), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), George Clemenceau (France) and David Lloyd (England)2. We Canadians do not request much. This war did not affect us as much as it did many other European countries. Yes, many of our citizen’s lives were lost in battle, but our countries lands and resources have not been depleted; the same cannot be said for many European countries that have lost so much to this grave war. Canada is not asking for much, we do however have a few objectives. We ask for the same representation in the conference that some of the smaller countries have received. Meaning, we request at least 2 seats in the conference and we also request that Canada signs its name independently on the treaty. We do not do this to be a pest for we realize we are not an independent country, however we also realize the sacrifice that our soldiers have made for the greater good of the world and these sacrifices are equivalent to those of any legitimate country 5. Those sixty four thousand men who gave their lives for the motherland and the over one hundred and fifty thousand who lie injured shall not have been killed or injured in vain and shall be remembered for eternity. We Canadians also feel strongly about the implementation of a League of Nations in order to avoid this kind of disastrous war in the future. Along with our viewpoint on the installment of the League of Nations, we hold a few more viewpoints along with a few more objectives that we feel will better the world. One being full support of the Japanese Racial Equality Agreement due to the fact our dominion of Canada is home to a greatly diverse group of people. Two, to work together with the economic and political systems of the United States and Great Britain in order to simplify our lives. (peace of paper handed out in class) To sum it up, Canada lost many men in World War I, in their memory, we respectfully request two things. One for representation equal to that of smaller countries, and two for our name to be Independently signed on the treaty. We also believe certain objectives should be accomplished for the betterment of the world. We believe in the implementation of a league of nations, the approval of the racial equality agreement and the necessity of our state to work together with two of the great countries of the world, our motherland Britain and our neighbors to the south the United States. May Canada live on forever.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 82

Case Study Example   Should all science be in agreement?   In Wakefield’s case, it is established that conflict of interest existed while he carried out his research. The fact that he obtained monetary benefits for carrying out his research against MMR vaccine makes it clear that his research is flawed due to conflict of interest. Other scientific bodies further investigated the link between autism and MMR vaccination and found none. Here, sticking with science is justifiable, although science can be flawed and could lead to erroneous conclusions. In Wakefield’s case, his research was proved wrong. It is difficult to arrive at a decision when conflicting reports are presented by scientists. This is because innumerable factors dictate the direction and conclusion of any research. One can never say for sure that a particular research might be accurate or correctly interpreted. At such a time, it is only logical to first find out the motives behind the research. Often, the scientist’s motivations influence the research, as in Wakefield’s case. In addition to motives, the research design, methodology and interpretation should be scrutinized to identify flaws. It is necessary for all science to be in agreement. However, practically, this can never be the case because it is impossible to carry out perfect research. There could be bias related errors, procedure related errors, protocol errors, flawed reporting of results, etc. As seen in the WebMD article, evidence exists both in favor and against the link between MMR vaccination and autism, mercury (thiomersal) and autism. Opposite parties point out flaws in each other’s research. If all research were perfect, all science would definitely have been in

People's History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People's History - Essay Example In this specific book, Zinn unfurls the early times when Christopher Columbus stumbled across the lands of current America while searching for the riches of Asia. Assuming to have reached the prosperous lands of Asia, Columbus tried in vain to uncover the non-existent riches from the barren lands. His failure to do so brought the unjustified wrath of the investors and Columbus himself befalling on the innocent and naive natives of the region. The bloodshed and series of wars that followed resulted in the loss of innumerable lives. According to a report, by 1650, none of the natives remained alive. (Zinn). The book holds elaborate accounts of how Columbus, revered as a discoverer of America, and other colonists waged wars against the natives, eliminating their existence from their very own lands. Zinn does not excuse the manslaughter and â€Å"genocide† that occurred; instead he focuses on all historical aspects to relieve the history of the distortions that have now been embed ded in it. Furthermore, the book talks about the mass imports of slaves from Africa which ranged from 10 to 15 million people. This brought about the establishment and acceptance of slavery. Racial and complexion biases were practiced ruthlessly. The resisting masses of â€Å"blacks† were forced into their places as slaves, not allowed to mix with the white people. This marked the â€Å"Drawing (of) the color line† (Zinn) as the title of the second chapter suggests. Moreover, the book develops the idea of social classes with extreme rapidity. Social classes were formed almost immediately thereof, establishing distinct living standards for all. The residents of England enjoyed the top-most tier of the social classes, followed by the elites in United States of America, then the frontiersmen who mainly consisted of white rebels against the tyranny of slavery, and

Advice for raising children

Advice for raising children Advice for raising children At different ages children are exposed to different situation; it may or may not lead them to negative emotions. Therefore, parents are always concerned about how to treat their childrens negative emotions, and about how to build intimacy with their children. Recently, I have read four different articles which talk about developing strong bond between parents and children. In the articles, â€Å"Raising an Emotionally Intelligent Child,† by John Gottman, â€Å"Our Approach to Discipline,† by William Sears and Martha Sears, â€Å"The Childhood Roots Of Adult Happiness,† by Edward Hallowell, â€Å"How to Behave so Your Children Will, too,† by Salv Severe focuse on building healthy relationship between children and parents. Gottman, Hallowell, and Sears, emphasis the important of communication in parenting. Parenting can be very difficult, but these tips that authors offer may help you become closer with your child. Gottman claims that empathy strength the parent children bond. Parents must acknowledge their own negative emotions before they try to understand their childrens emotions. When you talk to your kids about their problems, you show them that you are their ally when it comforts and supports your child. Parents want their children to be more independent and solve their own problem. Sometimes parents tend to neglect their childrens emotion, just to teach them lesson; however it causes children to build negative emotions. Thus, it is essential to have an understanding between parents and children to enrich strong relationship. Sears suggests discipline is effective when parents connect with their children (pg 90). The parents are connected to their children; the more likely the children are to acc ept the parents discipline. Hallowell asserts that when parents love and accept their children, the parents and children develop connectedness (pg 97). Strong connectedness at school and home will make child less likely to become depressed, suicidal or drug users. Children are happier and more confident when they feel connected. Severe insists that parents are most effective with discipline when they cooperate with their children rather than trying to control them (pg 108). If parents let their children make decision, children learn independent. As with Sears strong parent child bond ensures the effectiveness of discipline. In addition, sears claims that communication between children reduces misbehavior it is really important how you interpret your childs problem and listen to it. Once children have experienced their own feeling, they are capable of understanding others. When parents child relationship is good, children accept more of their parents modeling. If parents want their c hildren to respect others, they have to respect their children too. Parents who communication well with their children, and enable their children to communication well with others. Sears and Hallowell believe that Childrens self-esteem influences their social behavior and learning. Hallowell asserts that motivations, positive attitudes, and behaviors influence children to have high self-esteem (pg 98). Children who have high self-esteem are mostly likely to response optimistically. They also manage difficult situation, and less negative emotions. Sears considers that children who act positively and tend to have high self-image. They also behave in wise manner. In addition, children with low self-esteem will not able to experience anything new; thus, they are less likely to succeed in school. Severe asserts parents should teach their children to make responsible decisions (pg 109). If the children are having hard time finding the solutions, parents should ask them for the possible solutions they can come up with it. There are usually more than one solution but allow your children to come up with the solutions. It will help them to understand the consequences and improve their ability to consciously make wise decisions. Sears and Gottman insist parents to set up limits on their children to maintain discipline and behavior. Sears claims that setting up limits on childrens behavior, the children are less likely to cross their limits (pg 92). When setting limits, you will sometimes need to alter to the more cruel disciplinary approach of punishment. If parents set harsh limits, their children will learn positive discipline. It helps them develop into responsible and dependable adults. Gottman believes that parents often set limits for childrens misbehavior and it also makes life more successful for your child in the long run. Sever believes that children often learn how to behave from their parents behavior (pg 106). Childrens home environment influenced on their school performance therefore, if children have grown up in environment where it is happy, they tend have positive influence. The qualities the children received from their parents are being polite, supportive, caring, generous and compassionate. Parents are their most profound inspiration. Parenting style can be present various ways throughout childrens life. Since children learn most of their behavior from their parents, these techniques greatly helpful for parents to raise children.

Toni Morrisons Sula - The Provinciality of Sulas Characters :: Sula Essays

The Provinciality of Sula's Character's In her review of Toni Morrison's novel, Sula, Sara Blackburn complains that the setting and characters "seem somehow frozen, stylized"(1). While Blackburn talks favorably about Morrison's past novels (The Bluest Eye in particular), she is of the opinion that Sula is less successful because the characters are confined to one location and one mode of thought. Morrison hasn't endowed her people with life beyond their place and function in the novel, and we can't imagine their surviving outside the tiny community where they carry on their separate lives (1). While I agree with Blackburn that the characters remain inside the confines of the Bottom and the way of life there, I disagree with her that the characters are nothing more than their place and function in the novel. After reading this review, I began to think about other famous authors and novels and I realized that most stay within a certain setting and way of life. Morrison is not writing her characters as flat by making them a product of their environment and upbringing; she is simply mirroring the reality of life and human nature. I also disagree with Blackburn that the character of Sula is the exception in the novel. She too is simply a meshing of her surroundings and the people who raised her and whom she came into contact with. Had Sula not been raised by a mother prone to taking other women's husbands into storage closets, she would not have slept with her best friend's husband and then act as if she had done nothing wrong. Morrison say's the following in the novel about ho w Sula became the woman she was: Eva's arrogance and Hannah's self-indulgence merged in her and, with a twist that was all her own imagination, she lived out her days exploring her own thoughts and emotions, giving them full reign, feeling no obligation to please anybody unless their pleasure pleasedher (118). I also disagree when Blackburn says that Sula is a novel "whose long-range impact doesn't sustain the intensity of its first reading"(2). How can that be true when the character's actions are never those that the reader expects. The reader is forced to wonder why about so many different situation in the novel, that it sticks with them way after they've put down the book. How could Eva justify burning alive her own son?

Proud To Be An American Essay

I am proud to live in America. We are the land of the free and the home of the brave. We have the freedom to vote, practice the religion of our choice, speak freely, and freely share our thoughts or ideas through the press. Our country is the #1 diverse country in the world. There are several reasons why I believe America is a great country to live in. If you are an American citizen over eighteen, you have the right to vote. I think it is important to allow citizens to vote because it allows them to have a say in our government, whether you’re rich, poor, different cultures, or religions your vote still counts. Our voting rights are a given as an American citizen. Our citizens voting influences laws, leaders, and other important matters. The freedoms our soldiers have fought for, including voting, are still just as important today as it was many years ago. These rights serve as a very important matter in our country, and every citizen should be grateful for having them. We have the right to speak freely and say anything we want without getting punished. We can express our selves everyday and be proud of what we do or do not believe in. Another way we can express our individualism is through the press. We can speak up about the truth, through the media including that of the internet and press. Another reason I am proud of my country is because of diversity of culture, opinion, and race. The United States of America is sometimes considered the ‘melting pot’ of the world. It has that nickname because a variety of people from all over the world have come to America to have equality. America has equality because people with different cultures, opinions,style, race, and many more, are not judged unfairly or treated differentally from other people.